History Birth of GAM (Free Aceh Movement)

History Birth of GAM (Free Aceh Movement)

Talk GAM (Free Aceh Movement), inevitably, have to talk to the birth of the Republic of Indonesia. Because, that's where the story of the movement for independence began. Five days after the proclamation of Indonesia, Aceh expressed its full support of government authority based in Jakarta. Under Resident Aceh, which is also leading figures, Tengku Nyak Arief, Aceh stated pledge of allegiance, support the independence of Indonesia and Aceh as an integral part. On August 23, 1945, at least 56 Acehnese leaders got together and took the oath. "By Allah, I will be faithful to defend the independence of the Republic of Indonesia until my last drop of blood."

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Unless Mohammad Daud Beureueh, all leaders and ulemas say that promise. At 10:00, Hussein Naim and M Amin Bugeh flag in building Chokan Shu (now, the governor's office). Teuku Nyak Arief governor on earth Veranda of Mecca.

However, it was not all Acehnese figures vows. They are the commanders, soldiers on the battlefield. Soldiers who fought against the Dutch and Japanese. They believe, without RI, they can manage their own state Aceh. This is the story of the beginning of an independence movement. The bike is David Cumbok. Headquarters in Bireuen area. Figures against David Cumbok scholars. Through figures and fighters Aceh, M. Nur El Ibrahimy, David Cumbok battered and defeated. In the history of this war is called a civil war or war Cumbok that killed at least 1,500 people a year until 1946. In 1948, when the Indonesian government moved to Yogyakarta and Syafrudin Prawiranegara appointed as President of the RI Emergency Government (PDRI), asked the province of Aceh alone. At that moment, M. Daud Beureueh appointed Military Governor of Aceh.

Therefore, the state continues to unstable conditions and the Netherlands rampant back, came the idea to break away from Indonesia. The idea came from dr. Mansur. Not just Aceh region. However, covering Aceh, Nias, Tapanuli, North Sumatra and Lampung, Bengkalis, Indragiri, Riau, Bengkulu, Jambi, and Minangkabau. David Beureueh oppose this idea. He also campaigned to all the people, that Aceh is part of Indonesia. As proof, Beureueh mobilize public funds. A year later, in 1949, Beureueh people raised $ 500,000. The money was donated for the whole Indonesian nation. The money was given ABRI 250 thousand dollars, 50 thousand dollars for RI state government offices, 100 thousand dollars for the return of the Indonesian government from Yogyakarta to Jakarta, and 100 thousand dollars given to the central government through AA Maramis. Aceh also contributed bullion to buy government bonds, to finance the establishment of the representative of Indonesia in India, Singapore and the purchase of two aircraft for the purposes of RI leaders. At that time, Sukarno calls Aceh is the main capital of independence.

A year in progress, disappointment grew. Aceh province was merged into North Sumatra Province. Acehnese people angry. Moreover, the promise of Soekarno on June 16, 1948 that the province would be given the right to manage their own household accordance Islamic law was also met. In essence, David Beureueh want recognition of the right to practice the religion in Aceh. Not prohibited. Beureueh not ask for a free, just ask for the freedom to practice their religion in accordance Islamic law. David Beureueh was rolling the idea of ​​the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia in April 1953. This idea has been promoted in West Java Kartosuwiryo in 1949 through the Darul Islam. Five months later, Beureueh states join and recognizes NII Kartosuwiryo. From where then Beureueh do guerrilla. The people of Aceh, which incidentally Islam, fully supported the idea that the NII. NII army was formed, called the Army of Islam Indonesia (TII). Then, terkenallah the DI / TII in a number of areas. Beureueh fled into the woods. But, there is a tragedy here. In 1955 there has been a massacre by the military. Approximately 64 innocent Acehnese lined up in the field and then fired. This action was disappointing figures were pro-Sukarno Aceh. Through various upheavals and negotiations, in 1959, Aceh was granted the status of a special area of ​​the province.

Beureueh feel betrayed Sukarno. Bung Karno did not heed the traditional leadership structures and do not appreciate the role of the clergy in the life of the state. In fact, the people of Aceh was immense trust to scholars. Guerilla done. However, Bung Karno deploying troops to Aceh. In 1962, persuaded Beureueh law in order to comply Menhankam El Ibrahimy AH Nasution to surrender. Beureueh according to because there is the promise of Islamic Sharia law will be created for the people of Aceh (materialized only in 2001).

GAM was born in the Suharto era. At that time, industrialization is going on in Aceh. Suharto completely dumped all the customs and respect the people of Aceh. The effects of gambling spawned prostitution, drunkenness, bar, and all manner contrary to Islam and the indigenous people of Aceh. Aceh's natural wealth is drained through industrial development controlled by foreigners through central approval. While the Acehnese people remain poor. Low education, economic conditions are very poor. Seeing this, David Beureueh and old leaders of Aceh that has been quiet then bergerilya back to restore the honor of the people of Aceh and religious customs of Islam. The meeting was initiated in the 1970s. They agreed to continue the formation of the Islamic Republic of Aceh, which is a country that is noble and full of God's forgiveness. Now they realize that goal can not be achieved without a weapon. Then diutuslah meet Zainal Abidin Hasan Tiro, who was studying in America. The meeting took place in 1972 and agreed Tiro arms to Aceh. Zainal none other than the brother Tiro. Unfortunately, the weapon was also sent to Beureueh died. Hasan Asleh, Jamil Amin, Zainal Abidin, Hasan Tiro, Ilyas Leubee, and many others gathered at the foot of Mountain Mist, Pidie. There, on May 24, 1977, the leaders of the former DI / TII and youth leaders erect Aceh GAM. During the four-day session, David Beureueh appointed as supreme leader. While Hasan Tiro, who was present in the founding of GAM was appointed guardian of the country. GAM consists of 15 ministers, four ministerial-level officials and six governors. They glorify guerrilla Acehnese people, customs, and religion trampled under Soeharto.

Have Weapons Factory and Practice in Libya

Once established, GAM popular support. Relations with the international community continues to be built. Armed force was prepared. How many members of GAM, how its strength, its international network, and the funds?

Still remember deadline May 12, 2003 government edict ago. Until the ultimatum, the government also issued the decision as a sign of the beginning of military operations in Aceh. That said, when the government calculates military force there. There are concerns, TNI will dilibas GAM through guerrilla warfare. Indirectly, this news implies toughness GAM armed force. Indeed the number of GAM members that most Acehnese. The philosophy here. If the people continue to be oppressed, then all the people will rise up against. And, things like this happened in the earth's Veranda of Mecca. Resistance GAM extraordinary sympathy of the people of Aceh. Ternista old folk and persecuted. She joked, Supreme Commander and Deputy Mayor State GAM Aceh Tengku Abdullah Syafei (late) had said, babies Acehnese have supplied AK-47 by GAM. They will be educated and trained as soldiers GAM and immediately went to fight against the military.

Indeed, base GAM's struggle was conducted in two sides, diplomatic and armed. Direct diplomacy led by Hasan Tiro from Sweden. Opinion world is controlled from here. While the military base is controlled from its headquarters in North Aceh border-Pidie. The whole power of GAM operated from this place. Including, the entire command in a number of areas in Aceh and in several countries such as Malaysia, Pattani (Thailand), Moro (Philippines), Afghanistan, and Kazakhstan. However, GAM often deceive the military with varying manner where the main headquarters. Throughout Aceh, GAM open seven command, that command Pantebahagia Pase region, Peurulak, Tamiang, Bateelik, Pidie, Aceh Darussalam, and Meureum. Each command is supervised commander of the region.

Since its establishment in 1977, GAM quickly conduct military training for its members. At least the 1980s, thousands of young people are trained in a military camp in Libya. At that time, Libyan President Gaddafi Mohammar conduct military training for terrorist and separatist movements around the world. Hasan Tiro managed to enter the name of GAM as a trainee. Youth cadre GAM also managed to get in training military camp in Kandahar, Afghanistan of Osama bin Laden. The first wave of entry in 1986, then continue until the end of 1990. During the DOM, delivery faltered. However, the 1995-1998 class have received intensive training. When the DOM is revoked, the soldiers of this Libyan drawn to Aceh. Number around 5,000 personnel and elite troops made the GAM (sort Kopassus). Path to Libya is rather easy. Of Aceh, the Aceh youths were sent via Malaysia then to Libya. Other lines of Aceh and Thailand towards Afghanistan and to continue to Libya. Of the three lines, namely through Aceh towards the southern Philippines and Libya. Three important pathway is almost always escape the reach of the immigration officers, police, and patrol Navy. In the era of Syafei until now held Muzakkir Manaf, GAM personnel consisting of combat troops, intelligence, police, Baleh inong forces (army widows DOM) and karades (special forces) and Lasykar Tjoet Nyak Dien (female soldiers). Deputy Commander Regional GAM Pase Akhmad Cage (late) once claimed, the amount of 70 thousand GAM personnel. 490 thousand GAM members. The figure includes the number of victims DOM 6,169 people.

TNI Headquarters official sources mention only about six thousand people. Former Defence Minister Machfud MD mentions 4,869 personnel. Of that total, 804 of whom were educated in Libya and 115 were trained in the Philippines - Moro. Weapon stockpile consists of pistols, rifles, GLM, mortars, grenades, grenade launcher, rocket launcher, RPG, and improvised explosive devices. Among others rifle AK-47, M-16, FN, Colt, and SS-1. From which the weapons were obtained? There are international lines that supply them. A number of countries referred to, among others, separatist Pattani Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines Moro Islamic movement, former fighters Cambodia, India Sikh separatist movement, the movement of Tamil Elan, and Kazhakstan as well as Libya and Afghanistan. GAM also make weapons factory. Among them, in Kreung Sabe, Teunom - Aceh Barat - and in Lhokseumawe and North Aceh Nisau-as well as in East Aceh. Types of weapons manufactured such bombs, ammunition, rifles and short, these weapons plant can be assembled in accordance with the conditions of the terrain. If you would overrun the military, weapons factories have been moved to another area. Experts schooled weapons to Afghanistan and Libya.

Weapons GAM also come from Jakarta and Bandung. The black market of weapons was carried out by the military and police officers who thirst wealth. For GAM, as long as there are weapons, money does not matter. Because, in fact GAM proved to have a very large financial resources. The amount of the purchase to the Armed Forces / Police could trillions of rupiah. A raid in 2000 by the Jakarta Police had found receipts Rp 3 billion for the purchase of GAM weapons on the black market of the Armed Forces. Now, the weapons possessed by the TNI also owned GAM. GAM is not possessed heavy weapons. Therefore, it is slow. GAM principle, the weapon must have high mobility, easy to carry everywhere. Therefore, the strategy of war who hit and run. GAM even claimed to have more modern weapons than the military. For example, automatic weapons owned by the karades. Automatic weapons, shaped petite it could hold for days in water. This is the usual karades members infiltrated into towns and ambush members of TNI / Polri careless.

Buy weapons with money certainly abundant. Therefore, the price is not cheap. So, from where they get the funds? GAM has regular supporters of entrepreneurs Aceh successful abroad. Among them, in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, America, and Europe. Funds are also obtained from obligatory contributions taken from local companies and multinationals in Aceh. As an illustration, in 2000, GAM requested compulsory contributions to a local businessman named Tengku Abu Bakar Rp 100 million. Abu Bakr was given a letter Neugara Atjeh Sumatra letterhead dated February 15, 2000, signed by Commander of Aceh GAM Rajek Tengku Tarzura. Former President Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) once called Iskandar Muda fertilizer ever to deposit Rp 10 billion to GAM for security costs. GAM often do not get a distraction when the compulsory contributions. So, every month, GAM received tribute from businessmen "friend GAM" it. GAM communication system is also very sophisticated. Layered communication system by GAM as a bastion and propaganda. Besides handytalky, GAM also has tranking radio, radar and satellite phones. GAM also had telephone tapping. Often the movement of military / police countered the actions of these intercepts. The raids often fail miserably.

Organizational systems prepared with cell system also helps GAM survive. Not easy to locate the headquarters of GAM. Although, there are some members of GAM who were arrested. Between members and officials with each other sometimes unrelated, do not know each other. Chairman of the Justice Forum and the Aceh People's Struggle (FOPKRA) Saladin Al Fatah said that, since the Dutch era, the people of Aceh was never won. However, the Acehnese were never conquered. Similarly historical fact, the people's movement against the central Aceh never win. However, the military can never conquer them

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